关于朱令中毒事件的一份档案（编号843，附求救信）

关于朱令中毒事件的一份档案（编号843，附求救信）

以下是10年前（1995年）朱令中毒事件数千份记录(主要是往来的EMAIL)中的一条。当时因特网在中国刚刚使用不久，99%的教师仍然没有EMAIL地址。当时WWW还不流行，上网用的基本上是UNIX界面或者PC机的Telnet模式，软件好像有procomm之类。

正是通过网络，诊断出是金属铊中毒。此前国内医学专家诊断不了。

发起救助的主要人物是北大力学系本科生蔡全清，他当时的EMAIL地址为caiqq@mccux0.mech.pku.edu.cn，其中mccux0.mech.pku.edu.cn是力学系陈耀松老师(曾当过北大老校长周培源的助手)通过电话线接到北大计算中心的一个服务器。这个事件颇值得进行传播学分析。为救助清华的朱令同学，陈老师个人支付了不少网络费。关于网上救助朱令的第一篇中文新闻报导是本人写的(其中力学系朱照宣教授、陈耀松教授及蔡全清同学提供了帮助)，用了一个晚上写好，快件寄出，迅速刊登在《南方周末》第一版显要位置。

这篇正面报导一定程度上影响了有关部门对即将大规模使用的互联网的印象，此前有关部门曾来北大调查学生在网上是否干了坏事。

后来的情况请参考：
http://www.no4media.com/new/cTxtContent.asp?TxtID=4545

本人还保存着当年的大部分档案。如果哪位想做传播学分析，可与本人联系。

－－华杰


－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－
843

From yuan.gao@stjude.org Sat Apr 29 00:18:44 1995
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Date: Fri, 28 Apr 1995 10:53:26 -0600 (CST)
From: yuan.gao@stjude.org
Subject: Further ref.
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Date: Fri, 28 Apr 1995 09:49:32 GMT/BST
From: David BULLIMORE
Subject: Re: Urgent!!! Need diagnostic advice for sick friend (?thal
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> Date: Thu, 27 Apr 1995 14:41:27 -0600 (CST)
> From: yuan.gao@stjude.org
> Subject: Re: Urgent!!! Need diagnostic advice for sick friend
> (?thalliumpoisoning)
SEE COMMENT AT END

>> >ZHU LINGS PROBLEMS SOUND LIKE THALLIUM POISONING THE COMBINATION OF ACUTE HAIR
> >LOSS, GASTROINTESTINAL AND NEUROLOGICAL PROBLEMS IS ALMOST PATHOGNOMONIC.
> >UNLESS SHE WORKSWITH THALLIUM (AS IN PRODUCING OPTICAL LENSES) THEN IT IS
> >LIKELY THAT SHE ISBEING POISONED DELIBERATELY. PLEASE PROVIDE ME WITH FOLLOWUP.
> >YOU MAY BE INTERESTED IN REFERENCE: FELDMAN D, LEVISOHN DR "ACUTE ALOPECIA:
> >CLUE TO THALLIUM TOXICITY" PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY 10910;29-31 1993 MARCH.
> >ABSTRACT: COMBINATION OF RAPID DIFFUSE ALOPECIA, NEUROLOGICAL AND
> >GASTROINTESTINAL DISTURBANCE IS PATHOGNOMONIC FOR THALLIUM POISONING. THE HAIR
> >MOUNT SHOWED A TAPERED OR BAYONET ANAGEN HAIR WITH BLACK PIGMENTATION AT THE
> >BASE MAY BE HIGHLY DIAGNOSTIC BEFORE THE ONSET OF ALOPECIA. WE SAW A 10 YEAR
> >OLD BOY WHO SUFFERED FROM THALLIUM POISONING (END ABSTRAST)
> >
> >YOU SHOULD BE ABLE TO DETECT THALLIUM IN THE HAIR WITH A MASS SPECTROMETER I
> >WOULD HAVE THOUGHT.
> >
> >HOPE THIS IS OF HELP
> >
hanks Dr. Nelson:
>
> Several doctors at the US also suggested Thallium intoxication. I will forward
> your message to Dr. Aldis for further contact.
> Yuan
>
Cheers. Thanks for the info, glad that Dr Nelson passed my comments
on (and apologies for using upper case, for which I have already
hadmy wrist slapped.)

I can not get through to china and would be grateful if you have a
route through if you could pass on the following info. (I have sent
it hard-copy by snail mail as well to BeiJing) There was a report in
JAMA 288: 3430-1 (1992) by Schaumburg and Berger of two cases of
thallium poisoning from a chinese herbal medicine purchased in the
USA. Other consideration is of course deliberate poisoning by a
"colleague"(she is a chemist).


I have several references which they might find useful and have
attached these in wordformat (thall2.wrd, I think)

Please let me know how things progress if you get info. There are now
so many multiple postings that it is impossible to keep track round
the network.
David Bullimore>
David Bullimore
Senior Lecturer in Medicine

Medicine, CSB, St James's Hospital
Leeds, LS9 7TF
Tel +44 (0) 113 2433144 extn. 5698
FAX +44 (0) 113 2429722
e-mail d.w.w.bullimore@leeds.ac.uk





Hi:
I'm Cai Quanqing, a month ago(10th April) , I had post a message
about my freind Zhu Ling's illness through Usenet and Bitnet,
to this day , I have recieved so many emails from all over the world
. I'm deeply touched by these people and their email. here, I express
my heartfelt thanks to all people who concern Zhu ling's illness
,stand for Zhu Ling(although she is in coma yet), her parents
and all her freinds.
I'm sorry to say I couldn't reponse all the emails one by one for
so many emails.
With the help of the warmhearted people all over the world including
you, the doctors of Zhu Ling now are sure that her illness is the
result of THALLIUM POISONING. Now a group of toxicologists are working for
Zhu through the internet with PUMC. If you want to be a member of them or
would provide any help, please call directly:
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Xin LI, Phone: 310-825-7811
Medical Imaging Division Fax: 310-825-7705
School of Medicine
University of California, Los Angeles
Los Angeles, CA 90095
E-Mail: xli@endeavor.radsci.ucla.edu
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Robert A. Fink, M. D., F.A.C.S. Phone: 510-849-2555
Neurological Surgery FAX: 510-849-2557
2500 Milvia Street Suite 222
Berkeley, California 94704-2636
USA
E-Mail: rafink@ix.netcom.com
CompuServe: 72303,3442
America Online: BobFink "Ex Tristitia Virtus"
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thank you very much for all you did for Zhu which have encouraged us,
friends of her, to go ahead in the endless night with you. We believe that
Zhu Ling has been the most lucky girl in the world for all your kindness
from the intenet.
At the end of this case, we will tell you the result to share the joy
or tears together .


That's all
Sincerely Yours,
Cai Quanqing
=====================================================================
Please forword this message to the people who concern Zhu Ling's illness
and I hope the earlier messages disappear soon so that it will not become
the drafting email rubbish .
*NOTE:Because I had recieved some emails which suspected I was playing
the chains game on the NET ,I have to state here that the whole affair
is absolutely TRUE! We are the students of Peking University.

----------------


4月10日发出的求救信的主要内容，这封信对病症的描述是比较准确的（有一些小错误，如打字错误），这为网上远程诊断提供了必要的条件：

---------------

Hi,

This is Peking University in China, a place those dreams of freedom and democracy. However, a young, 21-year old student has become very sick and is dying. The illness is very rare. Though they have tried, doctors at the best hospitals in Beijing cannot cure her; may do not even know what illness it is. So now we are asking the world -- can somebody help us?

Here is a description of the illness:

The young woman -- her name is Zhu Ling -- is a student in the chemistry department. On DEC. 5, 1994, Zhu Ling felt sick to her stomach. Three days later, her hair began to fall out and within two days she was completely bald. She entered the hospital, but doctors could not discover the s[r]eason for her illness. However, after she was in the hospital for a month, she began to fell better and her hair grew back. Zhu Ling went back to school in February, but in March her legs began to ache severely, and she felt dizzy. She entered XieHe Hospital - Chinese most famous hospital. In early March and on March 15, her symptoms worsened. She Began to facial paralysis, central muscle of eye's paralysis, self-controlled respiration disappeared. So she was put on a respirator.

The doctors did many tests for many diseases(include anti- H2V, spinal cord puncture, NMR, immune system, chemical drug intoxication ANA,ENA,DSONA,ZG and Lyme), but all were
negative, except for Lyme disease(ZGM(+)).

The doctors now think that it might be acute disseminated encephalomyelitis(ADEM) or lupus erythematosus(LE), but the data from the tests do not support this conclusion.

The doctors are now treating Zhu Ling with broad-spectrum antibiotic of cephalosporin, anti-virus drug, hormone, immun- oadjuvent, gamma globulin intravenous injection and have given her plasma exchange(PE) of 10,000 CCs. But Zhu Ling has not responded -- she reamers in a vegetative state, sustained by life support.

If anyone has heard of patients with similar symptoms -- or have any ideas as to what this illness could be, please contact us. We are Zhu Ling's friends and we are disparate to help her.

This is the first time that Chinese try to find help from Internet, please send back E-mail to us. We will send more crystal description of her illness to you.

Thank you very much
Peking University
April 10th, 1995


－－－－－－－－－－－－－
（《南方周末》1995年6月9日）

神奇的网上救助

刘华杰

个人机(PC)功能再强，它也只是网上的一个部件。微机处在网络中，
将发挥出强大的、有时竟是意想不到的功能。1995年4月，北京大学力学
系几个本科生成功地利用Internet，为清华大学21岁的朱令同学所患的
奇怪病症进行了确诊——重金属铊中毒。这是大陆首次利用Internet进行
全球医学专家远程会诊。

朱令患病后头发迅速脱落，后来昏迷，中枢性呼吸衰竭，生命危在旦
夕，国内医学专家均无法确诊。朱令的中学同学贝志诚(北大力学系92本
科生)与同宿舍蔡全清商议，决心向Internet求救。

Internet连接了全球无数专家学者，网上办有各种电子杂志和名目繁
多的专题讨论会。只要你的计算机接入Internet，就可以参与其中的活动，
坐在家里，便可与世界一流的学者“面对面”地交流。

蔡全清等迅速找人拟好一篇地道网络新闻及公开信。4月10日晚他们
从北大力学系联入Internet，在Internet的新闻网、Usenet和Bitnet
的邮件讨论组中发出求援信。Usenet和Bitnet是Internet的子网。电子
信函发出三小时后便收到世界各地的热情回函。4小时后求救信已传遍美
国，两周后已传遍世界。在随后的十多天里，共收到1000多封Email(到5
月中旬累计共收到3000余封)，国外许多著名医学专家根据描述的症状，
提出了自己的见解，很快诊断出是罕见的铊(thallium，81号重金属元素)
中毒，并建议用“普鲁士蓝”解毒。朱令的父母激动地说：是北大师生，
是Internet救了他女儿。

值得注意的是，中国在外的留学生反应十分积极，收到求救信后马向
又向自己所了解的个人以及权威机构转发北京发出的呼救。许多人在信中
写道：“我不是医生，不能提出具体诊断，但我尽我所能向更多的人传达这
个消息，或许能得到具体帮助。”一位叫卡拉(Cara)的美国朋友还用汉语拼
音写道：“在美国，我们都希望你的朋友的健康越来越好。”一位名叫迪伯
恩(Tad Dibbern)的学医的四年级大学生，根据病症进行了分析，提出几种
可能的诊断，但一再表示，“只提供了一些信息，不能当作医嘱，因为我不
是医生，也未见到这个病人”。布里莫尔(David Bullimore)则直接了当认
为：“好象是铊中毒。”经数据库统计分析，发现30%的回函认为可能是铊
中毒。后来证实的确是铊中毒。

这次网上救助活动，只是利用Internet的一个小小的实例，但它给人
们留下了一个又一个值得深思的问题：准确描述病症，采用高科技手段，
及时收发、翻译、转达往来信函，这一切都是自发组织起来的，而且做得
井井有条。北京大学力学系师生为此牺牲许多宝贵时间，做了大量信息收
集整理工作，体现了崇高的人道主义精神。此举受到国际社会的注意，为
中国改革开放和科技进步均树立了良好的形象。

通过这个事例，学生们进一步掌握了Internet的运作方式和使用技
巧。

现在是网络的时代，国家应该提出系统的规划，让有关部门充分利用
Internet网上的资源。节省的资金以及获得的效益将是不是几十万元，而
是几百万元甚至更多。高科技社会里各部门都注意保守机密，但许多极其
有价值的信息却是公开的，它们就放在那里，通过一定的技巧把它们取出
来、收集起来、利用起来，就能创造财富。

国内计算机网络普及程度明显落后于发达国家。扭转局面的战略措施
是，首先在大学、科研院所建设局域网络，然后与Internet联网。应及时
向大学生普及网络知识，学生掌握了网络知识，随着学生一批批毕业分配，
用不了几年网络知识就会迅速传播到社会各界，开花结果。

目前一些大医院应当与Internet联网，主动获取大量有价值的资料，
这样有利于疑难病症的快速诊治。

（《南方周末》1995年6月9日）